Parent & Grandparent Research Publications – Parent & School Partnerships

Work on school and home partnerships has been noted through the literature in education K-12. Some work that has been done involves only the school and home while other studies have involved the university as being involved as well. One such study involving a school-home- university partnership is linked below. The essence of the program involved a communication system called SCORE and PASS. The purpose for this strategy is to help facilitate communication between the parents and the school (teachers, administrators, and counselors). The main focus of the communication was on behavior and conduct. Some behaviors can be the aim for both faculty and parents to help kids work on further. However, without daily or weekly communication between the two parties, a student’s progress in behavior and social skills lacks any monitoring or guidance by caring adults. This is where SCORE and PASS come into play. SCORE stands for School Code of Recordable Events. PASS stands for Parent Alert Signal System.

This is an important strategy to establish a strong partnership between schools and parents. It was developed by Paris Strom and Robert Strom. This system was field tested in Arizona several years ago. Now, it is even more useful than ever due to cell phone technology being everywhere so the below system could be easily used with texting or email. Easy! Read more about this project below.

Teacher-Parent Communication Reforms

Measurements for Parenting and Grandparenting

Parent Success Indicator (PSI)

(previously known as “Parental Strengths and Needs Inventory”)

Parent Success Indicator (by R. Strom & S. Strom). Bensenville, IL: Scholastic Testing Service, 1998.

Parent Success Indicator (by R. Strom & P. Strom). Bensenville, IL: Scholastic Testing Service, 2009.

United States

Comparing Black, Hispanic, and White Mothers with a national standard of parenting (R. Strom, P. Strom, & T. Beckert). Adolescence, 43(171), Fall 2008, 525-545.

Single mothers of early adolescents: perceptions of competence (T. Beckert, R. Strom, P. Strom, K. Darre, & A. Weed). Adolescence, 2008, 43(170), 275-290.

Adolescent perceptions of mothers’ parenting strengths and needs: A cross-cultural approach to curriculum development for parent education (T. Beckert, P. Strom, & R. Strom). Family Therapy, 2008, 35(1), 23-36.

Black, Hispanic and White American mothers of adolescents: Construction of a national standard (R. Strom, P. Strom, S. Strom, Y. Shen, & T. Beckert). Family Therapy, 2007, 34(3), 191-208.

Parent Success Indicator: Cross-cultural development and factorial validation (T. Beckert, R. Strom, P. Strom, C. Yang, & A. Singh). Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2007, 67(2), 311-327.

Black and white fathers of early adolescents: A cross-cultural approach to curriculum development for parent education (T. Beckert, R. Strom, & P. Strom). North American Journal of Psychology, 2006, 8(3), 455-469.

Parent Success Indicator (R. Strom & S. Strom). In Sixteenth Mental Measurements Yearbook, edited by R. Spies, & B. Plake. Lincoln, NE: Buros Institute of Mental Measurements, University of Nebraska Press, 2005, 747-750.

Parent-child relationships in early adulthood: College students living at home (P. Strom & R. Strom). Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 2005, 29: 517-529.

Cyberbullying by adolescents: A preliminary assessment (P. Strom & R. Strom). The Educational Forum, Fall 2005, 70, 21-36. Available from: http://www.kdp.org/archives/files/edforum/ff05_21-32.pdf and http://www.kdp.org/archives/files/edforum/ff05_33-36.pdf

Minimizing cyberbullying (P. Strom & R. Strom). Kappa Delta Pi online [Teacher Resources, Resources by Topic Ideas to go]. Reprinted from The Educational Forum, Cyberbullying by adolescents: A preliminary assessment, 2005, 70(1), 21-36. Available from http://www.kdp.org/teacherresources/minimizingcyberbullying.php

Bullied by a mouse (P. Strom & R. Strom). Electronic Journal of Child Science, November 26, 2004. Association: Child Research Net, Tokyo, Japan. Available from: http://www.childresearch.net/RESOURCE/RESEARCH/2004/MEMBER35.HTM

Entitlement: The coming debate on higher education (P. Strom & R. Strom). The Educational Forum Summer 2004, 68(4), 325-335. Available from http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4013/is_200407/ai_n9457544/print

Black, Hispanic, and White American mothers of adolescents: Construction of a national standard (R. Strom, P. Strom, S. Strom, Y. Shen, & T. Beckert). Adolescence, 39(156), Winter 2004, 669-686. Available at: http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2248/is_156_39/ai_n9487158/print

The success of Caucasian mothers in guiding adolescence (P. Strom, D. Van Marche, T. Beckert, R. Strom, S. Strom, & D. Griswold). Adolescence, Fall 2003, 38(151), 501-517. Available at: http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2248/is_151_38/ai_113304956/print

Uniting adolescent support systems for safe learning environments (P. Strom & R. Strom). The Educational Forum, 67, Winter 2003, 164-173. Available from http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4013/is_200301/ai_n9215997/print

Teacher-parent communication reforms (P. Strom & R. Strom. The High School Journal, December 2002-January 2003, 86(2), 14-21.

Changing the rules: Education for creative thinking (R. Strom & P. Strom). Journal of Creative Behavior, 36(3), Third Quarter 2002, 183-200.

Parent and adolescent relationships in Japan and the United States (R. Strom & P. Strom). Journal of Family Studies, 8(1), April 2002, 91-105.

Personal digital assistants and pagers: A model for parent collaboration in school discipline (P. Strom & R. Strom). Journal of Family Studies, 8(2), 2002, 226-238.

Evaluating parent success in guiding adolescents (R. Strom, P. Collinsworth & P. Strom). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 25(4), 1998, 242-249.

Parent Success Indicator: Development and factorial validation (P. Collinsworth, R. Strom & S. Strom. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 56(3), June 1996, 504-513.

Parent and child evaluation of family development (R. Strom). International Journal of Experimental Research in Education, 1987, 24(2), 290-304.

Developing a curriculum for parent education (R. Strom). Family Relations, 1985, 34(2), 161-167.

Parental success as perceived by parents, teachers and children (R. Strom & N. Cooledge). Child Study Journal, 1984, 14(4), 339-347.

African-American Parents in the United States

Comparing Black, Hispanic, and White mothers with a national standard of parenting (R. Strom, P. Strom, & T. Beckert). Adolescence, 43(171), Fall 2008, 525-545.

Black, Hispanic and White American mothers of adolescents: Construction of a national standard (R. Strom, P. Strom, S. Strom, Y. Shen, & T. Beckert). Family Therapy, 2007, 34(3), 191-208.

African American mothers of early adolescents: Perceptions of two generations (R. Strom, J. Dohrmann, S. Strom, T. Beckert, P. Strom, E. Moore, K. Nakagawa & D. Griswold). Youth & Society, 33(3), March 2002, 394-417.

Strengths and learning needs of African American fathers (R. Strom, H. Amukamara, P. Strom, S. Strom, T. Beckert, & D. Griswold). Journal of Family Studies, 7(1), 2001, 40-55.

Maternal guidance of adolescents: An African-American perspective (R. Strom, J. Dohrmann, P. Strom, D. Griswold, T. Beckert, & S. Strom). Journal of Family Studies, 7(2), 2001, 189-207.

African American mothers of adolescents (R. Strom, J. Dohrmann, P. Strom, D. Griswold, T. Beckert, & S. Strom). The Journal of Intercultural Studies, 2001, 28, 1-17.

African American fathers: Perceptions of two generations (R. Strom, H. Amukamara, S. Strom, T. Beckert, P. Strom, E. Moore & D. Griswold). Journal of Adolescence, 23, 2000, 513-516.

Parenting success of African American fathers (R. Strom, H. Amukamara, S. Strom, T. Beckert, D. Griswold & P. Strom). Journal of Research and Development in Education, 33(4), 2000, 257-267.

An inside view of parent success in Black families (R. Strom, D. Griswold, P. Collinsworth & S. Strom). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 18(3), September 1991, 187-197.

Assessing strengths and needs of minority parents (R. Strom, D. Griswold, P. Collinsworth & S. Strom). The Australasian Journal of Special Education, 1990, 14(1), 10-18.

Perceptions of parent success by Black mothers and their preadolescent children (R. Strom, S. Strom, P. Collinsworth, J. Schmid & D. Griswold). The Journal of Negro Education, 59(4), 1990, 611-622.

Caucasian-American Parents in the United States

Comparing Black, Hispanic, and White Mothers with a national standard of parenting (R. Strom, P. Strom, & T. Beckert). Adolescence, 43(171), Fall 2008, 525-545.

Black, Hispanic and White American mothers of adolescents: Construction of a national standard (R. Strom, P. Strom, S. Strom, Y. Shen, & T. Beckert). Family Therapy, 2007, 34(3), 191-208.

The success of Caucasian mothers in guiding adolescents (P. Strom, D. Van Marche, T. Beckert, R. Strom, S. Strom, & D. Griswold. Adolescence, 38(151), Fall 2003, 501-517. Available at: http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2248/is_151_38/ai_113304956/print

Evaluating the success of Caucasian fathers in guiding adolescents (R. Strom, T. Beckert, P. Strom, S. Strom & D. Griswold). Adolescence, 37(145), Spring 2002, 131-149. Available at: http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2248/is_145_37/ai_86056757/print

Adolescent and parent perceptions of father success (R. Strom, T. Beckert, S. Strom, P. Strom, D. Griswold & E. Moore). International Journal of Experimental Research in Education, 36(1), 1999, 19-36.

Chinese-American Parents in the United States

Chinese immigrant mothers of adolescents: Self-perceptions of acculturation effects on parenting (L. Buki, T. Ma, R. Strom & S. Strom). Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 9(2), 2003, 127-140.

Deaf Parents in the United States

Evaluating the success of deaf parents (R. Strom, E. Jones & S. Daniels). American Annals of the Deaf, 1989, 134(5), 312-316.

Parent education for the deaf (R. Strom, E. Jones & S. Daniels). Educational and Psychological Research, 1988, 8(2), 117-128.

Deaf parents of normal hearing children (R. Strom, E Jones, S. Wurster, & S. Daniels). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 1985, 12 (3), 121-126.

Gifted and Talented Children, Parents of (United States)

Changing the rules: Education for creative thinking (R. Strom & P. Strom). Journal of Creative Behavior, 36(3), 2002, 183-200.

Parent competence in families with gifted children (R. Strom, S. Strom & P. Collinsworth). Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 18(1), 1994, 39-54.

Multicultural parent education (R. Strom, D. Johnson, S. Strom, & S. Daniels). International Journal of Early Childhood, 23(4), 1992, 35-40.

Parental assessment (R. Strom). In Handbook of Family Measurement Techniques, edited by J. Touliatos, B. Perlmutter, & M. Straus. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1990, 413-414.

Expectations of gifted children (R. Strom). In Education of Gifted and Talented Children (edited by P. Tannock). Melbourne, Australia: Commonwealth Schools Commission, 1981, 1-31, 89-99.

Hispanic Parents in the United States

Comparing Black, Hispanic, and White Mothers with a national standard of parenting (R. Strom, P. Strom, & T. Beckert). Adolescence, 43(171), Fall 2008, 525-545.

Black, Hispanic and White American mothers of adolescents: Construction of a national standard (R. Strom, P. Strom, S. Strom, Y. Shen, & T. Beckert). Family Therapy, 2007, 34(3), 191-208.

Mentally Handicapped Children

Parental success in raising mentally handicapped children (R. Strom & K. McCalla). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 1988, 15(3), 100-112.

Perspectives on childrearing competence (R. Strom & K. McCalla). The Exceptional Child, 1988, 35 (3), 155-164.

Home and school assessment of exceptional families (R. Strom & K. McCalla). International Journal of Experimental Research in Education, 1988, 25(1), 96-111.

International

Australia

Perceptions of parent success in gifted families (R. Strom, S. Strom & P. Collinsworth). The Australasian Journal of Special Education, 19(1), 1995, 53-63.

Expectations of gifted children (R. Strom). In Education of Gifted and Talented Children (edited by P. Tannock). Melbourne, Australia: Commonwealth Schools Commission, 1981, 1-31, 89-99.

Canada

Developing curriculum for parent and grandparent immigrants and refugees from Vietnam and Central/South America (R. Strom, D. Johnson, S. Strom, & S. Daniels). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 19(1), 1992, 53-60.

Supporting the adjustment of immigrant families (R. Strom, D. Johnson, S. Strom & S. Daniels). International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 22, 1992, 35-44.

Japan

Parent and adolescent relationships in Japan and the United States (R. Strom & P. Strom). Journal of Family Studies, 8(1), April 2002, 91-105.

Perceived parenting success of mothers in Japan (R. Strom, S. Strom, P. Strom, K. Makino, & Y. Morishima). In D. McInerney & S. VanEtten (Eds.), Research on Sociocultural Influences on Motivation and Learning. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishers, 2001, 161-182.

Parent development in Japan (R. Strom, S. Strom, P. Strom, K. Makino, & Y. Morishima). International Journal of Experimental Research in Education, 2001, 37, 82-99.

Perceived parenting success of mothers in Japan (R. Strom, S. Strom, P. Strom, K. Makino & Y. Morishima). Journal of Family Studies, 6(1), 2000, 25-45.

Mothers of adolescents in Japan (R. Strom, S. Strom, K. Makino & Y. Morishima). Journal of Intercultural Studies, 26, 1999, 61-73.

Evaluating Japanese parents of middle school and junior high children (R. Strom, S. Strom, K. Makino & Y. Morishima). Journal of Family Education Research, 20, 1998, 148-158.

People’s Republic of China

Family changes in the People’s Republic of China (R. Strom, Q. Xie & S. Strom). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 22(3), 1995, 286-292 .

The small family in China (R. Strom, S. Strom & Q. Xie). International Journal of Early Childhood, 27(2), 1995, 37-46.

Traditional expectations and emerging views of raising children in urban China (R. Strom, S. Strom & Q. Xie). Scientia Paedagogica Experimentalis, 32(2), 1995, 333-352.

Taiwan

The success of Taiwanese fathers in guiding adolescents (T. Beckert, R. Strom, P. Strom, & C. Yang). Adolescence, 2006, 41(163), 493-509.

Success of Taiwanese mothers in guiding adolescents (T. Beckert, R. Strom, P. Strom, C. Yang, & Y. Shen). Adolescence, 40(159), Fall 2005, 475-488.

Central/South America

Supporting the adjustment of immigrant families (R. Strom, D. Johnson, S. Strom & S. Daniels). International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 22, 1992, 35-44.

Vietnam

Supporting the adjustment of immigrant families (R. Strom, D. Johnson, S. Strom & S. Daniels). International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 22, 1992, 35-44.

Parent as Teacher Inventory (PAAT)

Description
This instrument uses 50 items to measure attitudes of parents who have 3- to 9 year-old children. Five different aspects of the parent-child interaction are included: (1) Creativity, (2) Frustration, (3) Control, (4) Play, and (5) Teaching/Learning. Common uses for the inventory include: determining how parents perceive themselves, offering feedback about changes individuals should consider making, formulating a suitable curriculum emphasis for particular groups of parents, and evaluating how certain attitudes and behaviors modify in response to educational intervention. The PAAT can be administered individually or in a group. The PAAT includes an optional Parent Identification Form which helps researchers determine similarities and differences among populations or compare pre-test and post-test scores for effects of intervention.

Language Translations: Available in English and Spanish from the publisher. Also, available (from the author Robert D. Strom bob.strom@asu.edu ) in Arabic, Bengali, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hopi, Japanese, Kannada, Mandarin, Malay, Navajo, Portuguese, Serbo-Croatian, Sinhalese, and Turkish. For a list of publications describing research studies, sorted by population, see Parent As A Teacher Publications.

Ages: For use by Parents of children ages 3 to 9 years old.

Populations: English version studies for populations include African-American; Caucasian; Mexican-American; Native American; low, middle and upper socioeconomic backgrounds; families of atypical children who are deaf, mentally challenged and gifted; and parents lacking literacy skills enrolled in federal EvenStart Programs.

Countries: Australia, Canada, China, Egypt, India, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Italy, Mexico, Portugal, Turkey, United States

Reliability and Validity
Psychometric indicators are fully described in the Parent As A Teacher Manual available from the publisher Scholastic Testing Service.

Profile Feedback to Parents
Most parents want feedback about their level of competence. This goal is attained by first administering a Parent As A Teacher Inventory and then preparing an individual Profile. Mothers and fathers examine the Profile to find out ratings based on their inventory responses. Intervention programs can include feedback in the beginning of the instruction and when completed (pre and post). Comparisons can be made between individuals and norms of their subpopulation. The PAAT Measures:
Creativity–Parental acceptance of the child’s creativity and willingness to encourage its development
Frustration — Parental frustration with child behavior and focus on the frustration
Control–Parental feelings about the need to control the child’s behavior
Play–Parental understanding of play and its influence on child development, and
Teaching/Learning–Parental views about child development and their ability to provide a supportive home environment

Sample Items:
“Much of my child’s learning will take place before he or she enters school.”
“It gets on my nerves when my child keeps asking me to watch him or her play.”

Publication date
1st edition 1984;
2nd edition 1995

Authors and Copyright holders:
Robert D. Strom and Paris S. Strom / bob.strom@asu.edu / stromps@auburn.edu

Parent As A Teacher (by R. Strom). Bensenville, IL: Scholastic Testing Service, [1984], 1995.

BOOKS

Parenting Young Children: Exploring the Internet, Television, Play and Reading (R. Strom & P. Strom). Charlottle, NC: Information Age Publishing, 2010, 202 pp. http://www.infoagepub.com/products/Parenting-Young-Children

UNITED STATES

Too busy to play? (R. Strom). In J. Jolly, D. Treffinger, T. Inman, & J. Smutny (Eds.), Parenting Gifted Children (pp. 76-86). Waco, TX: Prufrock Press, 2011.

Personal goals and global awareness of American community college women regarding parenthood (R. Strom & P. Strom). Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 34(3), March 2010, 277-286.

Importance of parents and grandparents in the education of children. In D. McInerney & V. McInerney (Eds.), Educational Psychology: Constructing Learning (pp. 462-464). Sydney, Australia: Pearson International, 2010.

Decision Making About Becoming a Parent (R. Strom & P. Strom), 2009. Association: Child Research Net, Tokyo, Japan. Available at http://www.childresearch.net/RESOURCE/RESEARCH/2009/STROM.HTM

Understanding the Preschool Soldier (R. Strom & P. Strom), May 2007. Association: Child Research Net, Tokyo, Japan. Available at http://www.childresearch.net/RESOURCE/RESEARCH/2007/STROM.HTM

Parents and Children Watching Television Together (R. Strom & P. Strom). Electronic Journal of Child Science, 2006. Association: Child Research Net, Tokyo, Japan. http://www.childresearch.net/RESOURCE/RESEARCH/2006/STROM.HTM

Teaching through Play and Respecting the Motivation of Preschoolers (by R. Strom & P. Strom). In Focus on Curriculum (Volume 5 in Research on Sociocultural Influences on Motivation and Learning), edited by D. M. McInerney & S. Van Etten. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing Inc, 2005, 3-23.

African-American – Black
Talented children in minority families (by R. Strom, A. Johnson, S. Strom & P. Strom). International Journal of Early Childhood, 1990, 22(2), 39-47.

Rural families of gifted preschool and primary grade children (by R. Strom & A. Johnson). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 1989, 14(1), 32-38.

Parental background: Does it matter in parent education? (by R. Strom, D. Griswold & H. Slaughter). Child Study Journal, 1981, 10(4), 243-260.

American Indian – Hopi, Navajo in the United States

Childrearing expectations of Hopi and Navajo parents of preschoolers (by R. Strom & J. Hill). Journal of Instructional Psychology, Summer 1979, 6(3), 15-27.

Determining a parent curriculum (by R. Strom & J. Hill). Journal of American Indian Education, 1979, 19(1), 23-30. Available at: http://jaie.asu.edu/v19/V19S1det.htm

Caucasian in the United States
Too busy to play? (by R. Strom). Parenting for High Potential. National Association for Gifted Children, March 2002, 18-22.

Designing curriculum for parents of gifted children (by R. Strom, A. Johnson, S. Strom & P. Strom). Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 1992, 15(2), 182-200.

Gifted child and parent development (by R. Strom). Scientia Paedagogica Experimentalis, 1991, 28(2), 267-280.

Parents as Teachers (by R. Strom), Handbook of Family Measurements Techniques (edited by M. Strauss, J. Touliatos, B. Perlmutter). Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1990, 412-414.

Home and school support for gifted children (by R. Strom, A. Johnson & S. Strom). International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 1990, 37(3), 245-254.

Hispanic and Anglo families of gifted children (by R. Strom & A. Johnson). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 1989, 16(4), 164-172.

Assessing parent intervention (by R. Strom). In Evaluating Family Intervention Programs (edited by H. Weiss & F. Jacobs). Hawthorne, NY: Aldine deGruyter, 1988, 190-194.

Developing a curriculum for parent education (by R. Strom). Family Relations, April 1985, 34, 161-167.

The correlation of maternal attitudes and preschool children’s performance on the McCarthy Scales of children’s abilities (by R. Strom, C. Hathaway & H. Slaughter). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 1981, 8(4), 139-145.

Parental background: Does it matter in parent education? (by R. Strom, D. Griswold & H. Slaughter). Child Study Journal, 1981, 10(4), 243-260.

The future of parent education (by R. Strom). In Parents in Parenting (editor S. Hall). Minneapolis, MN: American Academy of Pediatrics and Minnesota Council on Family Relations, 1978, 20-24.

Assessment for parent education (by R. Strom & A. Johnson). Journal of Experimental Education, 1978, 47(1), 9-16.

Measurement of childrearing expectations using the Parent As A Teacher Inventory (by R. Strom & H. Slaughter). Journal of Experimental Education, 1978, 46(4), 44-53.

Parents as Teachers (by R. Strom). In Tests and Measurement in Child Development (edited by O. Johnson). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishing Company, 1976, 829-833.

The Parent as a Teacher (by R. Strom & A. Johnson). Education, 1974, 95(1), 40-43.

Mexican-American, Hispanic

Educating gifted Hispanic children and their parents (by R. Strom, A. Johnson, S. Strom, & P. Strom). Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 1992, 14(3), 383-393.

Designing curriculum for parents of gifted children (by R. Strom, A. Johnson, S. Strom & P. Strom). Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 1992, 15(2), 182-200.

Talented children in minority families (by R. Strom, A. Johnson, S. Strom & P. Strom). International Journal of Early Childhood, 1990, 22(2), 39-47.

Rural families of gifted preschool and primary grade children (by R. Strom & A. Johnson). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 1989, 14(1), 32-38.

Hispanic and Anglo families of gifted children (by R. Strom & A. Johnson). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 1989, 16(4), 164-172.

Elementary school experience of children from Mexico (by R. Strom & A. Johnson). In Education of Ethnic Minorities (edited by M. Martinez). Lexington, MA: Ginn Publishing Company, 1986, 101-110.

Parental background: Does it matter in parent education? (by R. Strom, D. Griswold & H. Slaughter). Child Study Journal, 1981, 10(4), 243-260.

Elementary school experience of children from Mexico (by R. Strom & A. Johnson). Elementary School Journal, 1981, 82(1), 36-48.

Assessment for parent education (by R. Strom & A. Johnson). Journal of Experimental Education, 1978, 47(1), 9-16.

Measurement of childrearing expectations using the Parent As A Teacher Inventory (by R. Strom & H. Slaughter). Journal of Experimental Education, 1978, 46(4), 44-53.

Single Parents

Parenting strengths of single fathers (by R. Strom, G. Fleming & S. Daniels). Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, October 1984, 19(1), 77-87.

Deaf Parents

Parent education for deaf families (by R. Strom, E. Jones & S. Daniels). Educational and Psychological Research, 1988, 8(2), 117-128.

Child and parent development in deaf families (by R. Strom, S. Daniels & E. Jones). Australasian Journal of Special Education, 1988, 12(1), 34-39.

Deaf parents of normal hearing children (by R. Strom, S. Daniels , S. Wurster & E. Jones). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 1985, 12(3), 121-126.

Gifted and Talented Children, Parents of

Too busy to play? In J. Jolly, D. Treffinger, T. Inman, & J. Smutny (Eds.), Parenting Gifted Children (pp. 76-86). Waco, TX: Prufrock Press, 2011.

Designing curriculum for parents of gifted children (by R. Strom, A. Johnson, S. Strom & P. Strom). Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 1992, 15(2), 182-200.

Educating gifted Hispanic children and their parents (by R. Strom, A. Johnson, S. Strom & P. Strom). Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 1992, 14(3), 383-393.

Parental differences in expectations of gifted children (by R. Strom, A. Johnson, S. Strom, & P. Strom). Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 1992, 23(1), 69-77.

Gifted child and parent development (by R. Strom, A. Johnson, S. Strom & P. Strom). Scientia Paedagogica Experimentalis, 1991, 28(2), 267-280.

Talented children in minority families (by R. Strom, A. Johnson, S. Strom & P. Strom). International Journal of Early Childhood, 1990, 22(2), 39-47.

Home and school support for gifted children (by R. Strom, A. Johnson & S. Strom). International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 1990, 37(3), 245-254.

Hispanic and Anglo families of gifted children (by R. Strom & A. Johnson). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 1989, 16(4), 164-172.

Rural families of gifted preschool and primary grade children (by R. Strom & A. Johnson). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 1989, 14(1), 32-38.

Handicapped Children, Parents of

Parental success in raising mentally handicapped children (by R. Strom & K. McCalla). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 1988, 15(3), 100-112.

Enhancing the influence of parents with handicapped preschoolers (by R. Strom, S. Daniels & S. Davis). Educational and Psychological Research, 1984, 4(3), 153-164.

A comparison of childrearing attitudes of parents of handicapped and non-handicapped children (by R. Strom, S. Daniels, S. Wurster, R. Rees & R. Goldman). Journal of Instructional Psychology, June 1984, 11(2), 89-103.

Parental expectations for handicapped and non-handicapped children (by R. Strom, R. Rees, S. Wurster & R. Goldman). Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 1984, 10(4), 229-241.

Parents as teachers of their exceptional children (by R. Strom, S. Wurster & R. Rees). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 1983, 10(1), 21-39.

Accountability and the education of handicapped students (by R. Strom). The Educational Forum, 1981, 45(3), 337-350.

Childrearing expectations of families with atypical children (by R. Strom, R. Rees, H. Slaughter & S. Wurster). American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, April 1981, 51(2), 285-296.

Role expectations of parents of intellectually handicapped children (by R. Strom, R. Rees, H. Slaughter & S. Wurster). Exceptional Children, October 1980, 144-147.

Sharing accountability for educating mentally handicapped children (by R. Strom). Australian Journal of Special Education, 1980, 4(2), 11-18.

Immigrants to the United States

Childrearing dilemmas of Korean immigrants to the United States (by R. Strom, S. Daniels & S. Park). International Journal of Experimental Research in Education, 1987, 24(1), 91-102.

The adjustment of Korean immigrant families (by R. Strom, S. Daniels & S. Park). Educational and Psychological Research, 1986, 6(3), 213-227.

International Studies About the PAAT

Australia

Assessing strengths and needs of minority parents (by R. Strom, D. Griswold, P. Collinsworth & S. Strom). Australasian Journal of Special Education, 1990, 14(1), 10-18.

Childrearing expectations of families with atypical children (by R. Strom, R. Rees, H. Slaughter & S. Wurster). American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, April 1981, 51(2), 285-296.

Parents as teachers of their exceptional children (by R. Strom, S. Wurster & R. Rees). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 1983, 10 (1), 21-39.

Role expectations of parents of intellectually handicapped children (by R. Strom, R. Rees, H. Slaughter & S. Wurster). Exceptional Children, October 1980, 144-147.

Parent As A Teacher Inventory: Evaluating intervention programs (by R. Strom). Australian Journal of Early Childhood, 1978, 3(1), 27-32.

Canada

Immigrant parents childrearing expectations (by R. Strom & S. Daniels). International Journal of Experimental Research in Education, 1985, 22(2), 302-312.

China – Hong Kong

Parental expectations in Hong Kong (by R. Strom, A. Leung & S. Daniels). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 1988, 15(1), 12-16.

Egypt

Parent expectations of Egyptian children (by R. Strom, F. Fisharah, S. Strom, A. El-Samadony, A. El-Khatib & S. Wurster). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 1992, 19(4), 291-301.

Growing up in Egypt (by R. Strom, F. Fisharah, S. Strom, A. El-Samadony, A. El-Khatib & S. Wurster). International Review of Modern Sociology, 1991, 21(2), 25-44.

Parental expectations and children’s locus of control (by R. Strom, F. Fisharah & P. Collinsworth). Journal of Instructional Psychology, June 1989, 16(2), 81-84.

Germany

A comparison of West German and guestworker parents’ childrearing attitudes and expectations (by R. Strom, P. Graf, A. Betz, S. Wurster, S. Daniels & L. Jansen). In Parent-Child Interaction in Transition, edited by G. Kurian. New York: Greenwood Press, 1986, 157-170.

Immigrant parents’ childrearing expectations (by R. Strom & S. Daniels). International Journal of Experimental Research in Education, 1985, 22(2), 302-312.

A comparison of West German and guestworker parents’ childrearing attitudes and expectations (by R. Strom, S. Wurster, M. A. Betz, S. Daniels, P. Graf & L. Jansen). Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 1984 Autumn, 15(3) 427-440.

India

Growing up in the villages of Uttar Pradesh, India: The Parent As a Teacher Profile of Village Backward Communities (by M. Radh Achuthan). Indian Education Review, 1995, 30(2), 12-29.

Growing Up in the Villages of Karnataka: The Parent As A Teacher Profile of the Backward Community, M. Radh Achuthan, in Man and Development, Vol. XV No. 3, Sept. 93, pp. 21-33.

Korea

Childrearing dilemmas of Korean immigrants to the United States (by R. Strom, S. Park & S. Daniels). International Journal of Experimental Research in Education, 1987, 24(1), 91-102.

The adjustment of Korean immigrant families (by R. Strom, S. Daniels & S. Park). Educational and Psychological Research, 1986, 6(3), 213-227.

Portugal

Social change and parent education (by R. Strom, L. Barros & S. Strom). International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 20 (Autumn), 1990, 213-228.

Identifying the childrearing information needs of Portuguese parents (by R. Strom, S. Daniels, S. Wurster, L. Barros & S. Strom). Early Child Development and Care, 1990, 57, 41-50.

Parent Education for Portugal (by R. Strom, L. Barros, S. Daniels, S. Wurster & S. Strom). International Journal of Early Childhood, 1989, 21(2), 23-34.

South America – Venezuela

Supporting Venezuelan families through parent attitude assessment (by S. Daniels, R. Strom & I. Escobar). Journal of Instructional Psychology, September 1986, 13(3), 147-152.

Taiwan

Parent expectations of young children in Taiwan (by T. Beckert, P. Strom, R. Strom, C. Yang, N. Huang, & Y. Lin). Early Childhood Research & Practice, Fall 2004, 6(2), 1-11. Available from http://ecrp.uiuc.edu/v6n2/beckert.html

Vietnam

Immigrant parents childrearing expectations (by R. Strom, S. Daniels). International Journal of Experimental Research in Education, 1985, 22(2), 302-312.

Grandparent Strengths and Needs Inventory (GSNI)

Description
Parents and children are not the only ones whose efforts are required in the quest to strengthen families. Grandparents are an important family resource who, today, are often overlooked. This instrument is an assessment tool that will help grandparents learn about themselves so that they can provide positive support to their families. The GSNI examines the relationships between grandparents and the parents and children (ages 6 to 18 years).
The GSNI consists of three 60-item surveys: grandparent, parent and grandchild (three generational). Grandparents that complete the survey report about their self impression. In the other two versions, children and parents make known their perceptions of a particular grandparent. The three generational survey provides a broader perspective of family interaction which offers a more complete picture of grandparent. The GSNI measures:
(1) Satisfaction–How often the grandparent is pleased with aspects of the grandparent role;
(2) Success–How often the grandparent is successful at performing their role;
(3) Teaching–How often the grandparent provides the kinds of lessons which are expected;
(4) Difficulty–How often the grandparent has difficulty with the obligations of grandparenting;
(5) Frustration–How often the grandparent feels frustrated about the behaviors of grandchildren; and
(6) Information Needs– How often the grandparent needs more information about what to expect of a grandchild at a particular age, helping the grandchild succeed and deal with gangs and bullies at school, preventing the use of drugs and alcohol, and other adolescent concerns.

Profile Feedback to Grandparents
Most Grandparents want feedback about their level of competence. This goal is attained by first administering a Grandparent Strengths and Needs Inventory and then preparing an individual Profile. Grandparents examine the Profile to find their ratings based on their inventory responses. Intervention programs can include feedback in the beginning of the instruction and when completed (pre and post). Comparisons can be made between individuals and norms of their subpopulation.

Language Translations: Available in English and Spanish from the publisher. Translated versions available from author in Hebrew, Japanese and Mandarin. For a list of publications about international research studies, see Grandparent Strengths and Needs Inventory Publications.

Ages: For use by (1) individual and groups of Children ages 6 to 18 years old, (2) individual and groups of Parents, (3) individual and groups of Grandparents, and/or (4) by two or three of these generations.

Populations: English version studies for populations include African-American, Caucasian, Mexican-American; Puerto Rican American; low, middle and upper socioeconomic backgrounds; immigrant families to Canada from Central and South America; grandparent volunteers in schools, grandparent support groups, and families of atypical children who are deaf, mentally retarded, gifted and talented (see Grandparent Strengths and Needs Inventory Publications.

Countries: Australia, Canada, Central and South America, Hong Kong, Japan, Sweden, Taiwan, United States, Vietnam, Germany

Reliability and Validity
Psychometric indicators are described in the Grandparent Strengths and Needs Inventory Manual available from the journal articles/

Publication date
1st edition 1993

Authors
Dr. Robert Strom and Shirley Strom [ bob.strom@asu.edu ]

Books for Grandparent Education

Chapters in Books

Learning throughout life about the needs of all generations: Recognizing and counteracting generational isolation (R. Strom & P. Strom) (2020). In M. London (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Lifelong Learning (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197506707.013.9

Grandparent education: Curriculum, instruction and evaluation (P. Strom & R. Strom). In B. Hayslip, Jr., & C. Fruhauf (Eds.), Grandparenting: Influences on the Dynamics of Family Relationships (2019) (pp. 331-346). New York: Springer. ISBN139780826149848

Grandparents and reciprocal learning for family harmony (R. Strom & P. Strom). In Phillip Hughes (Editor), Achieving Quality Education for All: Perspectives from the Asia-Pacific Region and Beyond (pp. 139-145). Series Education in the Asia-Pacific Region: Issues, Concerns and Prospects, Volume 20, 2013. New York, NY: Springer: http://www.springer.com/education+%26+language/book/978-94-007-5293-1 [See Section 4: Looking More Widely, Chapter 24] https://www.springer.com/us/book/9789400752931

A paradigm for intergenerational learning (R. Strom & P. Strom). In Manuel London (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Lifelong Learning (pp. 133-146). New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.

ADULT LEARNING AND RELATIONSHIPS (P. Strom & R. Strom). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing, 2011, 267 pp. http://www.infoagepub.com/products/Adult-Learning-and-Relationships

ACHIEVING GRANDPARENT POTENTIAL: VIEWPOINTS ON BUILDING INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS (by R. Strom & S. Strom). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1992, 191 pp.

ACHIEVING GRANDPARENT POTENTIAL: A GUIDEBOOK FOR BUILDING INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS (by R. Strom & S. Strom). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1992, 103 pp.

BECOMING A BETTER GRANDPARENT: VIEWPOINTS ON STRENGTHENING THE FAMILY (by R. Strom & S. Strom). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1991, 192 pp.

BECOMING A BETTER GRANDPARENT: A GUIDEBOOK FOR STRENGTHENING THE FAMILY (by R. Strom & S. Strom). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1991, 106 pp.

GRANDPARENT EDUCATION: A GUIDE FOR LEADERS (by R. Strom & S. Strom). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1991, 80 pp.

UNITED STATES

Rationale, Theory and Development of Grandparent Education

Productive aging: Peer influence and retirement (R. Strom & P. Strom). Educational Gerontology, 2020, 46(11), 678-687. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2020.1807085

The future of aging in a longevity society: A Course for High School and College Students (P. Strom). Innovation in Aging (2021 December), 5 (Suppl 1), 764. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2831

Grandparents and parents: An essential partnership for longevity societies (P. Strom). Innovation in Aging (2021 December), 5 (Suppl 1), 764. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2830

Education for grandparents in longevity societies (R. Strom & P. Strom). Journal of Adult and Continuing Education, 2018, 24(2), 208-228. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477971418810652

Grandparent learning and cultural differences (R. Strom & P. Strom). Educational Gerontology, 2017, 43(8), 417-427. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2017.1314642

Grandparent education for assisted living facilities (R. Strom & P. Strom). Educational Gerontology, 2017, 43(1), 11-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2016.1231518

Grandparent education and intergenerational assessment of learning (R. Strom, & P. Strom). Educational Gerontology, 2015, 42(1), 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2015.1059148

Assessment of intergenerational communication and relationships (R. Strom & P. Strom). Educational Gerontology, 2014, 41(1), 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2014.912454

Grandparent education: Raising grandchildren (P. Strom & R. Strom). Educational Gerontology, 2011, 37(10), 910-923. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2011.595345

Online assessment of grandmother experience in raising grandchildren (M. McGovern, L. Ladd, & R. Strom). Educational Gerontology, 2006, 32(8), 669-684.

Performance of Black grandmothers: Perceptions of three generations of females (by R. Strom, S. Heeder, & P. Strom). Educational Gerontology: An International Journal, March 2005, 31(3), 187-205.

The grandparent role in giving and seeking advice (by R. Strom). Parenting for High Potential, December 2002, 8-15.

Parents and grandparents as teachers (by R. Strom). In P. Torrance, Editor, ON THE EDGE AND KEEPING ON THE EDGE. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Company, 2000, 53-76.

Goals for grandparents and support groups (by R. Strom & S. Strom). In B. Hayslip & R. Goldberg-Glen, Editors, GRANDPARENTS RAISING GRANDCHILDREN: THEORETICAL, EMPIRICAL AND CLINICAL PERSPECTIVES. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 2000, 289-303.

Intergenerational learning and family harmony (by R. Strom & S. Strom). Educational Gerontology, 26(30), 2000, 261-283.

Meeting the challenge of raising grandchildren (by R. Strom & S. Strom). International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 51(3), 2000, 17-32.

Grandparents in the United States and the Republic of China: A comparison of generations and cultures (by R. Strom, S. Strom, C. Wang, Y. Shen, D. Griswold, H. Chan, & C. Yang). International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 1999, 49(4), 279-317.

Building a theory of grandparent development (by R. Strom & S. Strom). International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 45 (4), 1997, 255-286.

Learning and teaching in later life (by R. Strom, S. Strom, L. Fournet & P. Strom). International Journal of Experimental Research in Education, 34 (1), 1997, 39-64.

Learning Needs of African-American, Caucasian and Hispanic Grandparents (by R. Strom, S. Strom, L. Fournet, C. Wang, J. Behrens & D. Griswold). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 1997, 24(2), 119-134.

Contemporary grandparents (by R. Strom). Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 550(1), 1997, 191-192.

Cooperative learning in old age: Instruction and assessment (by R. Strom, S. Strom, L. Fournet, & P. Strom). Educational Gerontology, 23 (6), 1997, 581-599.

Black grandparents: Curriculum development (R. Strom, S. Strom, P. Collinsworth, P. Strom & D. Griswold). International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 43(2), 1996, 199-134.

Raising expectations for grandparents: A three generational study (by R. Strom & S. Strom). In THE TIES OF LATER LIFE, J. Hendricks (Ed). Amityville, NY: Baywood Publishing Company, 1995, 133- 139.

Grandparent education: Goals, instruction, and evaluation (by R. Strom & S. Strom). In INNOVATION IN PSYCHOLOGY, J. Beillerot (Ed.). Paris, France: The University of Paris, 1994, 191-198.

Grandparent communication skills (by R. Strom & S. Strom). In ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT, R. Kastenbaum (Ed.). Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press, 1993, 180-186.

Grandparent education to enhance family strengths (by R. Strom & S. Strom). In ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT, R. Kastenbaum (Ed.). Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press, 1993, 186-194.

Grandparents and group learning (by R. Strom & S. Strom). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 20 (4), 1993, 323-329.

Cross-Generational Studies (by R. Strom & S. Strom). In EDUCATION FOR OLDER ADULT LEARNING, R. Greenberg (Ed.). Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Company, 1993, 88-95.

Grandparent development and influence (by R. Strom). Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 20(1/2), 1993, 3-16.

Grandparents and group learning (by R. Strom). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 20(4), 1993, 323-329.

Grandparents raising grandchildren: Goals and support groups (by R. Strom). Educational Gerontology, 19(8), 1993, 705-715.

Grandparent education: Improving communication skills (by R. Strom). Educational Gerontology, 19(8), 1993, 717-725.

Curriculum and instruction for grandparents (by R. Strom & S. Strom). International Review of Education, 38(4), 1992, 436-438.

Grandparents and intergenerational relationships (by R. Strom & S. Strom). Journal of Educational Gerontology, 18(6), 1992, 607-624.

Grandparent Strengths and Needs Inventory: Development and factorial validation (by R. Strom, S. Strom, P. Collinsworth, & D. Young). Educational and Psychological Measurement, 51(3), 1991, 785-792.

The benefits of instruction for grandparents (by R. Strom & S. Strom). International Journal of Experimental Research in Education, 28(1), 1991, 5-17.

Grandparent and grandchild relationships (by R. Strom). International Journal of Experimental Research in Education, 1990, 27(1), 164-171.

Improving grandparent success (by R. Strom, S. Strom & P. Collinsworth). Journal of Applied Gerontology, 9(4), 1990, 480-491.

Grandparent education: Elements of curriculum (by R. Strom & S. Strom). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 17(2), 1990, 85-91.

GRANDPARENT DEVELOPMENT (by R. Strom & S. Strom). Washington, DC: American Association of Retired Persons,1989, 137 pp.

Grandparents and learning (by R. Strom). International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 1989, 29(3), 163-169.

Grandparent education (by R. Strom). The Futurist, 1989, 23(3), 55.

Aging and lifelong learning (by R. Strom). In VALUES AND PUBLIC POLICY by G. Regier (Ed.). Washington, DC: Family Research Council of America. 1988, 1-3-118.

Curriculum needs for grandparents in adult education (by R. Strom). The Education Digest, 1988, 54(3),52-55.

Grandparents and educational change (by R. Strom). Journal of Research and Development in Education, 1988, 21(4), 69-77.

Grandparent education (by R. Strom). The Education Digest, 1988, 54(3), 52-55.

Preparing grandparents for a new role (by R. Strom & S. Strom). Journal of Applied Gerontology, 1987, 6 (4), 476-486.

Becoming a better grandparent (by R. Strom & S. Strom). In GROWING TOGETHER: INTERGENERATIONAL SOURCEBOOK, edited by K. Struntz & S. Reville. Washington, DC: American Association of Retired Persons 1985, 57-60.

A creative curriculum for grandparents (by R. Strom & S. Strom). Journal of Creative Behavior, 1984, 18(2), 133-141.

Redefining the grandparent role (by R. Strom & S. Strom). Cambridge Journal of Education, 1983, 13 (3), 25-28.

Grandparent Volunteers in Schools
Establishing school volunteer programs (by R. Strom & S. Strom). In V. Kuhne, Editor, INTERGENERATIONAL PROGRAMS. Binghampton, NY: Haworth Press, 2000, 175-188.

Establishing school volunteer programs (by R. Strom & S. Strom). Child and Youth Services, 20(1/2), 1999, 177-188.

Grandparent volunteers and education (by R. Strom & S. Strom). The Education Digest, 61(3), 1995, 48-52.

Intergenerational learning: Grandparents in the schools (by R. Strom & S. Strom). Educational Gerontology, 21 (4), 1995 , 321-335.

Grandparent volunteers in schools: Building a partnership (by R. Strom & S. Strom). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 21 (4), 1994, 329-339.

African-American, Black Grandparents

Performance of Black grandmothers: Perceptions of three generations of females (by R. Strom, S. Heeder, & P. Strom). Educational Gerontology, 31(3), 2005, 187-205.

African-Americans in senior settings: On the need for educating grandparents (by R. Strom, T. Carter & K. Schmidt). Educational Gerontology, 30(4), 2004, 287-304.

Black grandparents: Curriculum development (by R. Strom, S. Strom, Collinsworth, P. Strom & D. Griswold). International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 43 (2), 1996, 119-134.

Intergenerational relationships in Black families (by R. Strom, S. Strom, P. Collinsworth, P. Strom & D. Griswold). International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 26(2), 1996, 129-141.

Strengths and needs of Black Grandparents (by R. Strom, S. Strom, D. Griswold & P. Collinsworth). In THE TIES OF LATER LIFE, J. Hendricks (Ed.). Amityville, NY: Baywood Publishing Company, 1995, 195-207.

Helping Black grandparents help three generations (by R. Strom, S. Strom, P. Collinsworth, & D. Griswold). The Education Digest, 59 (2), 1993, 43-46.

Evaluating the contribution of Black grandparents (by R. Strom, P. Collinsworth, S. Strom, D. Griswold & P. Strom). International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 23(1), 1993, 59-76.

Strengths of Black grandparents (by R. Strom, P. Collinsworth, S. Strom & D. Griswold). International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 36(4), 1992-1993, 255-268.

Grandparent education for Black families (by R. Strom, P. Collinsworth, S. Strom, D. Griswold & P. Strom). Journal of Negro Education, 61(4), 1992, 554-569.

Caucasian

Family harmony: Grandparents in Taiwan and the United States (by R. Strom, S. Strom, D. Griswold, C. Wang, Y. Shen, H. Chan, & C. Yang). International Journal of Experimental Research in Education, 1998, 35(2), 419-464.

Determining the success of grandparent education (by R. Strom, S. Strom & T. Beckert). Educational Gerontology, 22 (7), 1996, 637-649.

Grandparent development and influence (by R. Strom). In K. Freiberg (Ed.), HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 1996/1997 (24th Edition). Guilford, CT: Brown & Benchmark, 1996, 231-235.

Developing curriculum for grandmothers (by R. Strom, A. Ewing & S. Strom). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 23 (3), 1996, 234-244.

Raising expectations for grandparents: A three-generational study (by R. Strom). In J. Henricks (Ed.), THE TIES OF LATER LIFE. Amityville, NY: Baywood Publishing Company, 1995, 133-139.

Raising expectations for grandparents: A three generational study (by R. Strom & S. Strom). International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 31(3), 1990, 161-167.

Mexican-American, Hispanic
Intergenerational perceptions of English-speaking and Spanish-speaking Mexican-American grandparents (by R. Strom, L. Buki & S. Strom). International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 45(1), 1997, 1-21.

Strengths and Education Needs of Mexican American Grandparents (by R. Strom, L. Buki & S. Strom). Educational Gerontology, 1997, 23, 359-376.

Learning needs of African-American, Caucasian, and Hispanic Grandparents (by R. Strom, S. Strom, L. Fournet, C. Wang, J. Behrens, & D. Griswold). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 1997, 24 (2), 119-134.

INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
Canada
Developing curriculum for parent and grandparent immigrants and refugees from Vietnam and Central/South America (by R. Strom, D. Johnson, S. Strom & S. Daniels). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 19(1), 1992, 53-60.

Supporting the adjustment of immigrant families (by R. Strom, D. Johnson, S. Strom & S. Daniels). International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 22, 1992, 35-44.

China
Intergenerational learning and family harmony (by R. Strom). In I. Chi, Editor, A SOCIETY FOR ALL AGES: INTEGRATION, PARTICIPATION AND CARE. Hong Kong: People’s Republic of China Social Welfare Council, 1999, 53-68.

Parent expectations in China (by R. Strom, S. Strom & Q. Xie). International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 26(1), Spring 1996, 37-49.

Intergenerational relationships in Taiwanese families (by R. Strom, H. Sun, S. Li, Y. Shen & S.Strom). International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 25 (2), 1995, 47-65.

Family changes in the People’s Republic of China (by R. Strom, S. Strom & Q. Xie). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 22 (3), 1995. 286-292.

The small family in China (by R. Strom, S. Strom & Q. Xie). International Journal of Early Childhood, 27 (2), 1995, 37-46.

Educating older adults in the Republic of China (by R. Strom, S. Strom, S.Li, Y. Shen & H. Sun) Journal of Instructional Psychology, 22 (4), 1995. 379-392.

GRANDPARENTS IN HONG KONG (by R. Strom, S. Strom). Hong Kong Society for Child Health and Development, 1991, 108 pp.

Japan
Establishing new traditions for a longevity society: Japan and the United States (by R. Strom). The Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kansai University of Foreign Studies Publication), 23 (2), 1996, 1-13.

Educating older adults in Japan (by R. Strom, S. Strom, P. Collinsworth, S. Sato, K. Makino, Y. Sasaki, H.Sasaki & N. Nishio). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 23 (1), 1996, 55-67.

Developing curricula for grandparents in Japan (by R. Strom, S. Strom, P. Collinsworth, S. Sato, Y. Sasaki, H. Sasaki, K. Makino & N. Nishio). Educational Gerontology, 22 (8), 1996, 781-794.

Intergenerational relationships in Japanese families (by R. Strom, S. Strom, P. Collinsworth, K. Makino, S. Sato, Y. Sasaki, H. Sasaki & N. Nishio). International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 26 (2), 1996, 1-15.

Grandparents in Japan: A three generational study (by R. Strom, S. Strom, P. Collinsworth, S. Sato, K. Makino, Y. Sasaki, H. Sasaki & N. Nishio). International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 40 (3), 1995, 209-226.

EDUCATION FOR GRANDPARENTS IN JAPAN (by R. Strom, S. Strom, P. Collinsworth, S. Sato, K. Makino, Y. Sasaki, H. Sasaki & N. Nishio). Tokushima, Japan: Naruto National University Press, 1994.

How to measure the quality of three generational relationships (by R. Strom, K. Makino & S. Strom). Japanese Journal of Family Relations, 13 (1), 1994, 51-61.

Education for grandparents in Japan: A three generational study (by R. Strom, S. Strom, P. Collinsworth, S. Sato, K. Makino, H. Sasaki, Y. Sasaki & N. Nishio). Japanese Journal of Practical Education (Naruto University of Education), 4(1), 1994, 49-61.

Intergenerational learning: Overcoming obstacles to satisfying family relationships (by R. Strom). Community Research Journal of Japan, (97), 1992, 74-84.

Sweden
EDUCATION FOR SWEDISH GRANDPARENTS (by R. Strom & S. Strom). Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish National Research Institute and Salens Foundation, 1989, 74 pp.

Technology and family relationships (by R. Strom). In TECHNOLOGY AND AGING, by C. Strom & D. Ottoson (Eds.). Stockholm, Sweden. Wenner Gren Center for Scientific Research, 1986, 202-208.

Taiwan
Taiwanese grandmothers: Strengths and learning needs as perceived by grandmothers, mothers and granddaughters (R. Strom, T. Lee, P. Strom, K. Nakagawa, & T. Beckert). Educational Gerontology, 2008, 34(9), 812-830.

Family adjustment and aging in Taiwan (by R. Strom). In FAMILY DEVELOPMENT (edited by Hung Lu-Hsun). Taipei: Fu Hsing Kang College, 1998, 230-245.

FAMILY HARMONY: TAIWAN AND THE UNITED STATES (by R. Strom, S. Strom, Hou-sheng Chan, Chu Yin Yang, & Chi Mei Wang). Taipei, Republic of China: Pacific Cultural Foundation,1997, 93 pp.

Grandparents in Taiwan: A three generational Study (by R. Strom, S. Strom, Y. Shen, H. Sun, & S. Li). International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 42 (1), 1996, 1-19.

Educating older adults in the Republic of China (by R. Strom). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 22(4), 1995, 379-392.

Intergenerational relationships in Taiwanese families (by R. Strom, S. Strom, Y. Shen, S. Li & H. Sun). International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 25 (2), 1995, 47-65.

Central and South America
Developing curriculum for parent and grandparent immigrants and refugees from Vietnam and Central/South America (by R. Strom, D. Johnson, S. Strom & S. Daniels). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 19(1), 1992, 53-60.

Supporting the adjustment of immigrant families (by R. Strom, D. Johnson, S. Strom & S. Daniels). International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 22, 1992, 35-44.

Vietnam
Developing curriculum for parent and grandparent immigrants and refugees from Vietnam and Central/South America (by R. Strom, D. Johnson, S. Strom & S. Daniels). Journal of Instructional Psychology, 19(1), 1992, 53-60.

Supporting the adjustment of immigrant families (by R. Strom, D. Johnson, S. Strom & S. Daniels). International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 22, 1992, 35-44.

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Measurements for Secondary Schools

Teamwork Skills Inventory (TSI)
Read about this with the above link.

Student Learning Polls:

Cheating in middle and high school (P. Strom & R. Strom). In K. Ryan & J. Cooper (Eds.), Kaleidoscope: Contemporary and classic readings in education (12th edition) (pp. 49-56). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage, 2010.

Adolescent learning and the Internet: Implications for school leadership and student engagement in learning (P. Strom, R. Strom, C. Wing, & T. Beckert). NASSP Bulletin, June 2009, 93(2), 111-121.

Improving American Schools: Perceptions of adults and students (P. Strom & R. Strom). In D. McInerney & A. Liem (Eds.), Teaching and Learning: International Best Practice (Volume 8 Research on Sociocultural Influences on Motivation and Learning) (pp. 111-132). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing, 2008.

Polling students about conditions of learning (P. Strom, R. Strom, & C. Wing). NASSP Bulletin, December 2008, 92(4), 292-304.

New directions for teaching, learning and assessment (R. Strom & P. Strom). In R. Maclean (Ed.), Learning and Teaching for the Twenty-First Century: Festschrift for Professor Phillip Hughes (pp. 115-134). Support from UNESCO International Centre, Germany, with the Asia-Pacific Educational Research Association. New York: Springer Publishers, 2007.

Adolescent Polling and School Improvement (R. Strom & P. Strom), October 2007. Association: Child Research Net, Tokyo, Japan. This article is in English, Chinese and Japanese. Website: http://www.childresearch.net/RESOURCE/RESEARCH/2007/exfile/Polling_Students.pdf

Cheating in middle school and high school (P. Strom & R. Strom). The Educational Forum, 71, Winter 2007, 104-116.

Cyberbullying by adolescents: A preliminary assessment (P. Strom & R. Strom). The Educational Forum, Fall 2005, 70(1), 21-36.

When teens turn bullies (P. Strom & R. Strom). The Education Digest (Issue: Creating Great School Climate), 2005, 71(4), 35-41.